The Thermodynamics of Manual Brewing: Heat Capacity, Stainless Steel, and the Pre-Heat Ritual

Published on Jan. 7, 2026, 7:51 p.m.

In the equation of espresso, temperature is as critical as pressure. Water must contact the coffee at roughly 93°C (200°F) to e…

Thermodynamics and Ratios: The Science of Customization in the KOTLIE AC-513F

Published on Jan. 7, 2026, 7:48 p.m.

While the mechanical versatility of the **KOTLIE AC-513F** is its most visible feature, its electronic brain—controlling temper…